The most assassinated bacterium in history has reduced its virilens to continue killing millions of people | Health and well -being
The bacterium in just a thousand millimeters put humanity three times on the knees. When he emerged from the rodents in the heart of the Roman Empire, in 541, he killed thousands of people every day, leaving the mountains of bodies through the streets. Is Justinian plagueGuilty of death of up to 50 million people. The microbiome appeared back with violence in 1346, destroying One third In the European population. The name of that second wave still produces the cold: the black plague. And the bacteria returned in 1855, spread from the Chinese city of Yunon, killing about 12 million people in the third rot pepper. A group of international scientists led by Spanish microbiologist Gillem Mass FiolHe found that he used the microbial unexpected hinchic advice to continue for centuries: he killed his virilens, in contrast, contrast, and more.
More Fiol, born 29 years ago in Fellonit’s (Mallorka), he was working at the mythical Pastur Institute in Paris, from a few meters Tomb Microbiology’s father, Louis Pasther, was buried at his own research center when he died in 1895. Spanish scientist handles by species in his laboratory live bacteria Yersinia PestisThere are three pests offender, among The most serious seven Man, along with the flu of 1918, is small to the US, AIDS and Kovid.
“There is a common theory that claims to be more beneficial in a pathogenic one who can not kill many guests, but in the plague, because the plague needs to kill the hosts, which requires pathogens to stay in the blood, which causes septcemia, so that the bacteria are sent through another host.
The Spanish researcher and his colleagues were surprised when analyzing the DNA protected from hundreds of corpses caused by three pests. The number of copies of the gene that causes its virulence – before the PLA – decreased instead of rising. The gene has 938 DNA letters, which should travel to bacterium lymph nodes with appropriate instructions for making protein and multiply before occupying the blood of the blood. The lower copies of that gene are microbial, less deadly. But this pathogens should be fatal. “It is a puzzle” Costa recalls more Fiol that works at the behest of a biologist Javier Pizaro Serde.
Then the group experimented with rats. Bacterial -infected rats die less than 20% of the lower copies of the gene. Yet the deceased did later. There is more time between infection and death. Rodents, their normal reservoir, and natural selection are suitable for those less fatal species after the waves of rats. By modifying the number of copies of the same gene, the evolution increases the bacteria its virales so that it does not kill all its hosts. Thus he continued over time, spreading between the broken population and killed more people. The results of this work were published this Thursday In the magazine ScienceMention of World Science.
According to the writers, the third rot, which started in China in 1855, will continue today in local parts of Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mongolia and the United States. Before the presence of US National Health Institutes, Antibiotics, 60% died Among people with plague in the country. Now the deaths are 11%, thanks to drugs such as Cyproofloxacin and Doxycycline. “Almost everyone who has a septic or pneumonic plague will die if not treated immediately,” the US company warned. Septicemic plague, if not treated on the bubonic plague on time, is a normal infection of the blood, the skin and organs, diarrhea, vomiting, severe weakness and death of tissues. The skin turns black and dies, which is why it is called the black plague.
“Atvanwar has helped him continue to last more of his Virilence guest population, it does not support Yersinia Pestis 100% virus. This is the most long way to broadcast in the pandemic. We have never seen this feature in the plague. He developed to continue for a long time. This is the adaptation of the frustrated ones ”, the more fiole of the study with the geneticist, the first signatures capture Ravnite SidhuFrom the University of McMaster in Ontario (Canada).
Microbiologist Bruno Gonzalez Journ. “It leaves a crucial lesson for us: the number of copies of a gene can modulate a pathogenic virallance. It is not only the presence or absence of the virtual factor, but it is not only how many times and where this concept is today, but also to understand the evacuation of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the world.
The professor explained that many resistance genes were spread In plasmidsSmall circular DNA molecules found in bacteria. Gonzalez Journ’s laboratory Performed The accumulation of these plasmids leads to the phenomenon of multi -resistance, with each of the resistant gene: super bacteria that emanate from all antibiotics.
“The environmental context is also important: when the plague kills millions of rats, the selected pressure has changed. Most virus race is no longer effective; a soft is the best, which gave the time to reach new fossis to the vector or host. This is the perfect example of the policy. A health . Understand that the general variation of copies of a gene can change its pathogenic behavior in flights, in a world of sewage or meat products. You can make a difference between the controlled infection and the new pandemic, ”
