Fernando Zegers, Production Expert: “If there is no change in public policy, you have to live from Chile Immigrants”

Chile is sinking The birth crisis. The breeding rate is rapidly declining until an average of 1.16 children reaches a woman in 2024, which is one of the lowest worldwide. Gyneco-Obstetra Fernando Zegers (Santiago, 77 years) first-row witness in the transformations of motherhood and fertility. In mid -ATTs, the Chiley Institute of Reproductive Medicine (ICIMER) Co -Founded, the first baby’s birth in the South American country has achieved support reproductive methods. A few years ago, it was manipulated to withdraw from practical exercise and to research new methods, warning that if there was no change in serious public policies to promote birth, the country would live from immigrants. In the bright hallway of his house in Los Kandes in the eastern field of Santiago, he admitted pessimism with several meters of Bugbilia found in the garden. The state policy is imperative to resolve the matterBut we regret that it is not even discussed.

Ask. The global trend shows a decrease in fertility rate, but it develops rapidly in Chile. Because?

Answer. The fall in the global fertility rate is huge, we are 1.16 and we recently 2.1. There are two strong reasons: adolescents are very effective public policies to prevent pregnancy and women’s social change, they include in the university and work study, which has increased very much after dictatorship. There is no doubt that it posts your desire to have children and improves the quality of life and has children to limit both personal development, economic and work. Especially in a country that is said to be children, but there is no comfort to have them. We did a study at the University of Diego Portals, where we survey 1,020 women between the ages of 18 and 25 from different faculty and asks if they want to have children at some point, their sexuality, how they build a family, many things. If you do not understand where the youth are predicted, how are you going to develop a coherent public policy.

P. And what did they find?

R. We are starting publications. 67% of those surveyed are between or lower class, so they represent the majority of Chile’s population. Only 38% said they want to be a child at some point. 38% does not do it, but who can change and 14% is not for any reason. This means that most women do not want to have base children. When they were asked to have any conditions, they said that they had completed their educational activities, had a financial autonomous and had a place and auxiliary network to live steadily. Community Network. I found this reorganization.

P. Because?

R. Because, having a partner is to have a child, whether or not a heterosexual or a single gender, and only 30% require you to ask them. And about marriage, 92% said they were completely irrelevant. It seemed to me that youth wants another kind of society that is not connected to the genetic loop. There are many ways to join. Thousands of years ago, when we migrated from one place to another when we were hunters, there were no genetic families, they were children of society. Women taste them, have two to three years of breastfeeding, and then part of the community. We have been in the world for many years without genetic family structure.

P. How do you see Chile’s birth vacation?

R. Zero public policy to change the global fertility rate. These are not state policies, not the government. The state needs to be said: This is the country of the transformation – because we are going to disassemble many structures that support us – I will be formed with a multidisciplinary working group, long breath, financing.

P. Will the current scene be reversible?

R. I don’t think so. That is, can we reverse it at 2.1? No. Not achieved in any country. But we have to choose 1.8, where many European countries like France and Hungary are very few.

P. What did they do?

R. Make motherhood more cozy. First, free access to fertility treatments. There is no need to convince those who do not want, but do not need to help those who want. All Nordic countries have simplified access to auxiliary reproduction, treatments to become pregnant and postpone motherhood. Then there are many strategies like taxes and school education and free health and a long time for men and women to enjoy their children. All of these actions can help, but not too much. That is why I say that no one has reached 2.1.

P. But Chile is away to have a welfare state, where to leave?

R. Do you know how much Phonasa does the necessary treatments in Chile? 0.6%for 20,000 wheels per year. Today we will do 10,000 and much more. Now, Phonasa has very serious problems, but it is much more serious than everyone we are looking for. If there are no young people to work and work, what happens to life insurance? With pensions? Japan and Korea have chosen robots. They say, ‘Well, there are fewer people, but we are going to develop technology.’ In Chile, about 20% of births from foreign women, another 23% have three children or more. 70% of these women have a maximum of 12 years of study and 14% of these are nine or less. If you add this population and immigrant, most people are in multiple vulnerability. Then where do the robots go out? The work capacity of these people is not a high level, they do not produce taxes or great innovations.

P. In it Statistics of census calculationsWhere the population appears to be aging, highlighted Pension versionBut he didn’t talk about what to do to cultivate birth.

R. If there are no people who are going to work, what pensions are there? Other non -human mammals, primates do not have menopause because the role of females is fundamentally reproduced, so she dies in one or two years after she stops having eggs. And we also died at the age of 40 thousand years ago. What we have done is to increase life as a previous one after reproductive performance. This change that is socially for us is not accompanied by biological change. The ovary is still without the source cells, so the question has changed very little, but severely changed, but severely changed. I think this is the role of science and technology. This is part of the clotting of the ovaries. I don’t think there is a social structure that can withstand this low fertility rate without science.

P. This is because the ovaries end, but the uterus is working.

R. My hypothesis is that the 45 -year -old woman has the same ability to be a mother, wanting to get shelter than 30 years old and wait. Because she is no longer competing with anyone in work and financial issue. If the uterus can host equal efficiency in the age of 32 in 45 years, and the egg is stored when he is 33 years old, the woman may be a mother at the age of 45. And I believe that women should be a mother at the age of 45 for the first time. However it is not. It depends on how you live, where and other aspects.

P. How does Chile look in the field of motherhood in 25 years?

R. I didn’t see the ability in Chile because I was super pushing Population construction, population. There are many dedicated groups to this, universities and thought groups are connected, but it requires public policy. We already know what’s going on. If a state does not dedicate some of its annual budget to this problem, there is no solution. Women in employment are also aggressive public policies to facilitate their motherhood in their office. There is a right to rest, for many things. Well, motherhood right is one of them.

P. Is it a mother to be a mother?

R. Yes. I just justified this. Reproductive rights are part of human rights, and the law of reproductive is not only a mother, but also depends on the country to abortion in certain conditions or at all. I have no doubt that the right to form a family is human right and no state can restore it.

P. And then how is Chiley in another 25 years of imagine?

R. If there is no change in serious public policy, Chile will have to live from immigrants. There is no other way. If I get births of immigrants per year, the global fertility rate is close to 1. Reproductive technology must have them in an effective and safe way.

P. What is the ideal age to freeze?

R. I have studied 180,000 embryos from Latin America and the first significant change in the frequency of chromosomal character frequency resumes occurs from 32 to 33 years, but after 35, a very cruel change. I believe that they know that they have preserved their gamets for most of the calm.

P. But for most women, three million pesos (approximately 3,100) are the highest number.

R. This is why it should be a part of the public policy that is not discriminated against for financial reasons. In the study we did, 48% of women said they would like to preserve them. And from this group, I have already decided 15%. Another said he was interested in, but the reasons for not doing so were economically. There is a propensity to freeze, but it must be a state policy. There should be guarantees.