Territories Tours: Challenges to human health beyond earth
Astronauts can cause physical changes that affect the health of astronauts beyond the limits of the earth. Explanation of certain effects on human health caused by space travel.
Territories expose the human body to extreme conditions. Micographic, radiation and detention can seriously affect the health of astronauts, which can cause permanent effects of physical and mental changes. What are the challenges that the human creature adheres to space and trying to reduce scientists?
The human body has developed for millions of years to work in the atmosphere of the earth, which includes gravity strength, atmospheric pressure and relatively low radiation levels. Territories expose humans to a very different environment, keeping a range of physical and mental challenges, especially if the lodging is long.
The progress of scientific research To protect the spacecraft travelers, but as described Have to have ReutersChris Mason, Professor of Physology and Biophysics at Weil Cornell Medicine in New York, which requires Collect more data on astronauts from various health profiles and mission types to develop personalized risky strategies.
Spatial radiation: an invisible threat
On the ground and Oh The magnetic field And atmosphere Most of the cosmic radiation. In space, this protection disappears, revealing astronauts to high doses of high energy radiation. These rays can be done DNA damage, increasing the risk of cancer, accelerating cell aging, Cardiovascular problems And control immunity. Increasing anxiety is also an increase in neurodegenerative effects of prolonged exposure.
Astronauts in low orbit International Space Station (ISS)Benefit from some Terrestrial Magnetosphere Protection– Region What to do Participants One The planet, under the influence The magnetic field. But more traveling astronauts – as in missions of the moon or Mars – will receive a lot of high doses of radiation, The development of new protection techniques is required.
Microgramvid: There is no generalized effect
There is an important role in gravity in controlling the duties of the human organism. Your absence Stimulates many problems and Generalized Physical followings:
- Travel of liquid: Without gravity attraction, body fluids accumulate in the upper body, causing facial inflammation, increased intracranial pressure and vision problems.
- Bone and muscle damage: The bones and muscles stop the weight of the body, leading to bone density and muscle atrophy. The “Spatial anemia” This is another observed phenomenon with a reduction in the production of red blood cells.
- The cardiovascular system: The heart weakens and the control of blood pressure is more difficult, especially when it returns to the earth.
- Entrance Exam: Lack of gravity affects balance and spatial understanding and can cause dizziness and disorder.
Exercise is one of the main fake use to reduce these effects and keep astronauts healthy in long missions.
Mental Factor: isolation and stress
Astronauts need to live in a limited environment, without direct interaction with friends and family and with limited access to natural elements. This loneliness can lead to this:
- Sleep disorders
- Cognitive degeneration
- Emotional and humor issues
- Inter -personal conflicts
Psychological stress affects the performance of the mission, so the procedures of emotional support, such as general communication and mental advice with family members, are basic.
What happens in returning to the earth?
The process of recovering astronauts after returning to the earth depends largely on the mission. For small missions, a few days in the low orbit of the earth, 95% of biological damage seems to have been reversed.
For astronauts spent months in the International Space Station (ISS), recovery is proportional to the time of recovery – physical systems gradually come to normal, but some problems can be maintained.
An instance Neuro-occupation syndrome associated with space flightMicrogramVination -vision deficiency due to changes in induced fluids and intracranial pressure changes. Some astronauts always recover and wear corrective lenses.
Flight Engineer 36, NASA astronomer Karen Niberg, does an eye exam in the Destiny Laboratory of the International Space Station.
NASA
The questions are still not answered
There are so many open questions about The effects of long -term missions on the deep space, where the astronauts are very high in spatial radiation and long micrograms.
- How does spatial radiation affect pulmonary function?Although territorial radiation is known to increase the risk of cancer, accelerates old age and stimulates cellular damage, accurate biological mechanisms are not defined.
- What are the effects Nervous mental health In the long run? There is no comprehensive understanding and adaptation of the long-term changing and receiving of the brain on how cognitive performance, mental health and neuroplasticity affect micrograms, radiation and isolation.
- How Mitochondria affects Physical influences of Microgramity?Research shows that Mitochondria plays a major role in the effects of space -free health. There are still accurate procedures for mitochondrial adaptation and dysfunction in space.
- Space flight Can it compromise human reproduction? The approach to human reproduction and fetal development in space planes is a significant gap in knowledge.
There have been limited studies on reproductive health in space, mainly containing animals such as mice. Human fertility, fetal development and chronic territorial homes, are not known for generations.
This is necessary to investigate these themes for the manufacture of future interplanatory missions, and finally, Territorial colonial.
Which point is the investigation?
Recent studies can help better understand the effects of space on human health:
Investigations published in 2024 are the collapse of the brain, heart, muscles, kidneys and skin, immune control and stress levels in the staff and participating staff SpaceX Three -Day Inspiration 4 Mission in 2021 – The first complete civil team in orbit the earth.
Another 2024 study It has been found to increase the incidence of headaches in the space. Of these, there were 24 astronauts, traveling in ISS for up to 26 weeks. All except the two reported headache.
The 2023 study demonstrates the expansion of brain ventricles – Spaces in the center of the brain with cerebrospinal fluid – Spent six months at the astronauts at the ISS.
Investigate Document of 2022 A Significant bone lossIt is in some cases, not completely recovered.
The way to safe spatial exploration depends on the development of new strategies to protect health from continuous research and astronauts.
Astronaut Suni Williams (to the center) near the SpaceX Dragon space ship (to the center) along with ISS on 16 January 2025
NASA
