Due to the destruction of climate change, the crisis, the livestock decreased and the milk also decreased
The average temperature of the Earth has increased by 1 degree from industrial anterior level due to climate change. If the current emission level remains, it is expected to increase from 1.5 ° C to 2 ° C by the mid -century. This change in temperature has a serious impact on agriculture, causing crop yields, water availability and cattle health. In agricultural countries such as India, the dairy region depends heavily on natural fodder, the main concern on the availability of fodder and feed.
Due to irregular rainfall, rising temperatures and frequent droughts, this fodder resource deficiency and quality are at risk. According to a research paper of Punjab Agricultural University, there is a huge decrease in the availability of fodder due to monsoon samples in the states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Due to droughts in these areas, the lawn land is decreasing, which will result in farmers to rely on expensive feed options.
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In addition, high temperature reduces the amount of nutrients and quality of fodder, which affects the health, productivity and milk yield of dairy animals. Due to the lack of natural fodder, relying on expensive feeds made by fodder companies has begun to illusion with dairy business, as these feeds are not economically beneficial to small farmers.
Farmers were upset because of the cost of animal food
Climate change also affects grain production, causing price volatility and supply problems. Due to weather events in grain exported countries, grain prices fluctuations have increased the cost of fodder and decreasing the gain of dairy farms. India’s dairy industry is mainly designed with small farmers with limited cattle and minimum resources. These farmers are affected by climate change. Increased costs for livestock, water and veterinary care are decreasing.
The cost of rising livestock due to climate change reduces the income of small farmers by 15-25 %. In addition, irrigation -based fodder crops are severely affected by water, causing chronic stability to endanger. One of the unique sources of milk nutrition, especially in rural areas, especially in rural areas. Any type of barrier in milk production can lead to a decrease in supply and price, which affects people’s access to safe and nutritious foods. One of the four main columns of food security is nutrition, and milk is a food commodity that helps to meet food requirements and preferences that need to live an active and healthy life.
Low dairy production threatens food security
One of the immediate effects of climate change on dairy animals is hot stress. Especially when the temperature is 25-30 ° C. Cows and buffaloes have trouble controlling their body temperature in such conditions, resulting in decreased diet intake, decreases milk yields and weaken the fertility. In areas such as North and Central India, which exceeds the summer temperature 40 ° C, its effects are more severe. Due to heat pressure, milk production decreases by 10-30 percent. In addition, changes in the behavior of cows, increasing the time to relax and decrease for grazing, which reduces diet intake. In addition, due to heat stress, the delay of the object and the increase in the birth rate of the dead is also observed.
The risk of disease from the health and heat of animal
Heat stress weakens the digestive system of animals, which are more sensitive to diseases such as mastitis, respiratory infection and pipe. Increases the risk of infection in stressful animals, which increases the cost of veterinary treatment. In addition, vector -bourne diseases such as hoof and blue tongue can also increase through rising temperatures and changed rainfall models.
According to ICAR reports, mosquito growth and tick activity in warm areas will increase the risk of these diseases. The lack of green fodder in Punjab has reached 28.57 %. To improve fodder security and reduce the adverse effects of climate change, it is necessary to connect fodder crops in the current grain dominant crop systems to ensure balanced land use in instructions. It is important to educate farmers on methods such as choice and hacking to store surplus fodder for short periods. The weather-friendly high-dinger fodder crops are corresponding to dry and partial dry areas and should be promoted. Water saving techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler systems should be promoted to increase the productivity of fodder in areas with water shortages.
