The crime of threatening many economies in the world from the Roman Empire is already a common method
Practice of Taxes are escaping It is as old as their charge. However, a recent study showed The Roman EmpireA. Tax evasion It is considered very seriously with fines from heavy penalties to permanent exile – and, in very severe cases, open implementation. This revelation came after the translation and test of the document describing one of these events.
The report of the offense was found in the Papirus in the desert Yedia. After examining the artwork, scholars found that the architect was illegally released as a document forgery and slaves – it was its main aim to avoid tax collection in Judea and Arabia in Roman provinces.
Those who have caused fraud have already known the authorities. One of them, known as gods, has ties with administrative elites and accumulate for forgery and exploitation. It is also popular to commit theft and ignore legal calls.
Another involved in the involvement of Saul, the brain behind the operation and is described as the “friend and collaborator” of Gadalists. Based on the names and position of the facts, researchers believe that both are Jews.
Participating with the rebellion against the Roman Empire
Oh The crime Occurred in a problematic stage of history. In 130 AD, the Emperor of the Adirano, in the government of the Rebel leader Simio Bar Kochba, led the rebellion against Roman, Gera. After the rebellion suppressed, the Jewish population had to disperse themselves from the Jewish region.
“Gadalis and Saulo, who have shown disrespect to the Roman sequence, are likely to participate in preparations (from the rebellion),” said Anna Dalganov, a historian who is responsible for understanding the manuscript of the US newspaper. New York Times.
According to Dolgon, Papyrus may have been found in the 1950s by the ancient goods by Bedouins. She believes that this material is hidden in Nahal Heaver, which is in the valley of the west Dead SeaBar Kochba’s followers on the run are famous for her refuge.
A clever default scheme
The investigation said that the crime was reported to whistleblower officials. Interestingly, Saul may be an informant, throwing his mistake in his companion to try to escape punishment.
The plan seemed to be working as follows: Saul of Judah sold as many slaves for cherries who lived in Arabia without giving official documentation. After negotiating between the provinces, Saul stopped appearing in Judah’s records as slaves. However, because they are in them, Cheroa cannot declare them to the Arabian authorities.
“Therefore, the slaves will officially disappear from Judah, but they have not seen Arabia – This made it unseen to Roman managers. This has allowed the tax on these people to completely prevent it, ”the historian explained.
The Romans, have a sophisticated economic control system, especially in the commercial of people who are slaves. Rates are 4% and 5% Manumission in sales. “If they recognize the lack of documents or lack of fraud signals, the organizers have started research,” said Dolganov.
The verdict of turbulence
To maintain fraud, Gods – notary son – have false agreements and other documents. After finding the plot, the accused tried to protect themselves by bribing members Municipal Council.
During the trial, Saul tried to transfer his responsibility to Cherries, and Gods blamed his father for adulterated papers.
The exact reasons for this couple are still uncertain. “It is not known why they were so risky to break up as slaves without proper documentation,” said Dolganov.
Researchers raise three descriptions:
- The release of sales simulation and slaves may be its intention to fulfill Jewish traditions, which in some cases provided for the liberation of people who are slave.
- Capturing in the empire, both may be profitable with the cycle of slavery and liberation.
- It is possible to collect the gods and Saul as people traffickers.
The final sentence of the papyrus has not been recorded The verdict. However, scholars and gods are thought to have received a more “light” execution, such as their social status. Already Saul, as the creator of the scheme, has faced a more brutal destination.
